Bio 155 — Chapters 7 & 8 Quiz
40 questions. 20 from each chapter. Pick the right answer. Score at the end.
Chapter 7 — Photosynthesis
1. What are the reactants in the overall equation for photosynthesis?
6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Sunlight → 6O₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆
2. What does photosynthesis produce?
Photosynthesis produces O₂ and C₆H₁₂O₆ (glucose).
3. Where do the light-dependent reactions take place?
Light-dependent reactions occur in the chloroplast's thylakoid membrane, where chlorophyll is found.
4. What do the light-dependent reactions require?
The light-dependent reactions require sunlight, water, and chlorophyll to run.
5. What do the light-dependent reactions produce?
The light-dependent reactions produce oxygen and NADPH (plus ATP).
6. Where does the Calvin Cycle (carbon fixation) take place?
The Calvin Cycle takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast.
7. What does the Calvin Cycle require?
The Calvin Cycle requires CO₂ from the atmosphere and RuBP, with the Rubisco enzyme.
8. What does the Calvin Cycle produce?
The Calvin Cycle (light-independent reactions) produces sugar.
9. What enzyme is used in the Calvin Cycle to fix CO₂?
Rubisco (RuBP carboxylase) is the enzyme that attaches CO₂ to RuBP in the Calvin Cycle.
10. Which organisms perform photosynthesis?
Cyanobacteria, algae, and all plants perform photosynthesis.
11. What is chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll is the green pigment located in the thylakoid membrane that drives photosynthesis.
12. Where is chlorophyll located within the chloroplast?
Chlorophyll is embedded in the thylakoid membrane.
13. What are grana?
Grana are stacks of thylakoids found within the stroma of the chloroplast.
14. What is the stroma?
The stroma is the inside of the chloroplast — where the Calvin Cycle runs.
15. What are photons?
Photons are particles of light.
16. How does the energy of a photon relate to its wavelength?
Energy of a photon is inversely proportional to its wavelength (λ). Shorter wavelength = higher energy.
17. What is a photosystem?
A photosystem is a collection of chlorophyll molecules within the thylakoid membrane.
18. What starts the light-dependent reactions?
The reaction center starts the light-dependent reactions.
19. Wavelength is measured from where on a wave?
Wavelength is measured from the top (crest) of one wave to the top of the next.
20. In the overall photosynthesis equation, how many molecules of CO₂ are consumed?
6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Sunlight → 6O₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆. Six molecules of CO₂ are used.
Chapter 8 — Cellular Respiration
21. What do autotrophs do?
Autotrophs make their own cells through photosynthesis. Heterotrophs use cells produced by other organisms.
22. Which organisms use cellular respiration?
All organisms use cellular respiration.
23. What are the reactants in the overall equation for cellular respiration?
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP. Glucose and oxygen are the reactants.
24. Cellular respiration is what type of reaction?
Cellular respiration is an exergonic reaction — it releases energy.
25. What is the final electron receptor in aerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration — the final electron receptor is oxygen.
26. In fermentation, what is the final electron receptor?
Fermentation — the final electron receptor is an organic molecule.
27. In anaerobic respiration, what is typically used to make ATP instead of oxygen?
Anaerobic respiration — an inorganic molecule (not oxygen) is used as the final electron receptor to make ATP.
28. What do electron carriers do?
Electron carriers carry electrons to where they need to go.
29. Where does glycolysis occur?
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm.
30. What molecule does glycolysis start with?
Glycolysis starts with glucose (C₆) and breaks it into pyruvate.
31. What does glycolysis produce?
Glycolysis produces two molecules of pyruvate from one glucose.
32. Where does pyruvate oxidation occur?
Pyruvate oxidation occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria.
33. What does pyruvate oxidation produce?
Pyruvate oxidation converts pyruvate into Acetyl Coenzyme A (Acetyl CoA).
34. Where does the Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs cycle) occur?
The Citric Acid Cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria.
35. Which of the following is a product of the Citric Acid Cycle?
The Citric Acid Cycle produces oxaloacetate, citric acid, and CO₂.
36. Where does the Electron Transport Chain occur?
The Electron Transport Chain is located on the inner mitochondrial membrane.
37. What does the Electron Transport Chain produce?
The Electron Transport Chain produces H₂O. Electrons from the chain combine with oxygen and H⁺ to form water.
38. What does chemiosmosis produce?
Chemiosmosis uses the flow of H⁺ through ATP Synthase to produce ATP.
39. What is the ATP Synthase Complex?
ATP Synthase Complex is the enzyme that makes ATP using the flow of H⁺ (protons).
40. What is the "matrix" of the mitochondria?
The matrix is the inside of the mitochondria. The intermembrane is the space between the outer and inner membrane.